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Junk – is a wooden sailing cargo two four-masted boat of river and coastal voyage, widespread in South-East Asia. In the era of sailing ships it was used for military purposes; on the modern junks goods are carried, they often serve for housing. They have a small draft, load capacity – up to 600 tons; the main characteristics are – very wide, almost rectangular, raised bow and stern, sails of quadrangular form of the mats and bamboo slats.
Jol – is a kind of two-masted sailing vessel with slanting sail. It differs from ketch by placement of aft mast (behind the steering axis). Some large yachts and fishing vessels have rig like jol.
Caravel – is 3-4 masted sailing universal wooden ship capable of ocean voyages. Caravel had a high bow and stern resistance to ocean waves. The first two towers had direct sails, and the latter – an oblique sail. Caravel was used in XIII-XVII centuries. In 1492 at 3 caravels it had been committed transatlantic voyage of Columbus. In addition to the seaworthiness, caravel had a high load capacity.
Carrack – is a large commercial or military three-masted sailing ship of XVI-XVII centuries. Displacement was up to 2 thousand (usually 800-850) MT. Armament is 30-40 guns. The ship could accommodate up to 1200 people. The ship had three decks and was designed for long ocean voyages. Carrack was heavy on the run and had poor maneuverability. Type of such a vessel was invented by the Genoese. 1519-1521 Carrack “Victoria” from the expedition of Magellan made the first circumnavigation.
Ketch – is a two-masted sailing vessel with a small aft mast at the front of axle steering. Some fishing vessels, large sport boats have the rig like a ketch.
Flute – is the type of sailing ship, which had the following distinctive features:
* The length of these vessels is in 4 – 6 or more times larger their width, allowing them to sail quite sharply to the wind.
* In the rigging the mast invented in 1570 was introduced.
* Height of masts exceeded the length of the vessel, and yards have become shorter, which let make the narrow and easy in maintain sails and reduce the total number of the top teams.
The first flute was built in 1595 in the town Horn, a shipbuilding center of Holland, in the bay Zsyder-Ze. Rig foremast and mainmast consisted of foresail and mainsail and relevant Marseilles, and later on large flutes and galans’l. On the mizzen-mast above the usual oblique sails they raised the straight sail. On the bowsprit they set rectangular sail Blind, sometimes flying-Blind. At the flutes the wheel appeared at the first time, thereby facilitating a rudder. Flutes of early XVII century had a length of about 40 m, a width of about 6, 5 m, draft 3 – 3,5 m, capacity of 350-400 tons for self-defense on them is 10 – 20 guns. The crew consisted of 60 – 65 persons. The boats of this type had a high speed, large capacity and are used primarily as a military transport.
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Posted in Boating · September 3rd, 2010 · Comments (0)
Aak – is a single mast boat, used on the Lower Rhine for the transport of wine. By design – it is a small cargo boat of clinker construction with a semi-circular hatch deck, flat-bottomed, without fore-and stern. Through the bow and stern pieces ??? marine bottom on both ends flat and obliquely rose diagonally from the waist. It did not have the side dagger boards, carrying a simple sprit sail and fore-staysail. Short bowsprit made it possible to carry the jib, and usually rigging of aaks was similar to the rigging of ships of the coast. The oldest image of aak refers to 1530
Bark – is a three-five-masted large sea sailing vessel to transport cargo with direct sails on all masts, except food (mizzen-mast), bearing oblique rig.
Barkentine (schooner bark) – is a three-five masted(sometimes six mast) marine sailing vessel with slanting sails on all masts except the nasal (foremast), supporting direct sails. Modern steel Barkentines have a displacement of up to 5 tons and equipped with an auxiliary engine.
Brig – is a two-masted boat with square-rigged foremast and mainmast, but with one oblique sail on the grotto. In the literature, especially fiction, authors often call this sail a counter-mizzen, but it must be remembered that the ship-rigged brig does not have mizzen-mast, which means no supplies of the mast, although functional load of the brig is exactly same as the counter-mizzen frigate.
Brigantine – is a light and high-speed vessel with so-called mixed-rigged – square sail on the front mast (foremast) and slanting on the back (mainmast). In the XVI-XIX centuries, two-masted brigantine was usually used by pirates (Italian brigante – a robber, pirate). Modern brigantines – are two-masted sailing vessels with the foremast, having a weapon, like a brig, and the mainmast with slanting sails like a boat – the main-topsail and trysail. Brigantines with the Bermudian mainsail in our time, apparently, do not exist, although there are references to the fact of their existence.
Galleon – is a large sailing ship of XVI-XVIII centuries, with fairly heavy artillery weapons, used as a military and commercial. The most famous galleons were as ships carrying treasure and the Spanish in the battle of the Great Armada, which occurred in 1588. Galleon – is the most perfect type of a sailing ship, which appeared in the XVI century. This type of sailing ship appeared in the course of evolution caravels and Carrack (aisles) and intended for long ocean travel. Reduction of tanks plug-ins and extension of the body led to increased stability and reduced wind resistance, resulting in a faster, more maneuverable vessel. The first mention of it relates to 1535. In the future, galleon becomes the basis of the fleets of the Spaniards and the British. Stem, strongly curved and stretched forward, had the jewelry and shape resembled the stem of the galley.
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Tags: boat, boats for sale, boats for sale in florida
Posted in Boating · September 3rd, 2010 · Comments (0)